THE IMPRESSIVE RESULTS OF CORN IN THE 2018 SEASON

Impressive results of corn in the season 2018.

In the record grain milling in Ukraine in 2018, the most significant contribution belongs to corn. According to the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine, as of November 29, Ukrainian farmers harvested 68.5 million tons of grain from an area of ​​14.5 million hectares (98%) with a yield of 47.2 centners / ha. Of these, corn is 33.3 million tons from an area of ​​4.3 million hectares (95%) with a yield of 76.9 centners per hectare. Such significant results have been achieved thanks to the use of highly productive hybrids and adapted growing technologies, in which an important place belongs to the optimization of mineral nutrition conditions.

Corn is a crop demanding on mineral nutrition conditions. This is primarily due to the long growing season and the ability of the plant to absorb nutrients to the very end of the ripening of the grain.

For the formation of 1 ton of grain and the corresponding mass of by-products, different early maturity hybrids of maize are absorbed from the soil and fertilizers on average:

• 24 -30 - kg of nitrogen, 10 -12 kg - phosphorus, 25 -30 kg - potassium,
• 6 -10 kg - magnesium and calcium, 3 - 4 kg of sulfur, 11 g - boron,
• 14 g - copper, 110 g - manganese, 0.9 g - molybdenum,
• 85 g - zinc, 200 g - iron.

The root system of corn plants has a high ability to assimilate elements from the soil, and effectively uses the remnants of nutrients from fertilizers applied under the predecessor. Traditionally, corn is considered an "indicator" of the content of trace elements in the soil. Corn is especially sensitive to the deficiency of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and boron (B), which affects the development of plants and leads to a decrease in crop productivity.

Zinc is involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll and vitamins, affects the processes of growth and development, increases resistance to adverse conditions, in particular frost. The important role of zinc in the biosynthesis of growth hormones of auxin nature. With a significant lack of zinc on the plants can not be tied cobs. A sign of a lack of zinc is interstitial chlorosis, which first appears on younger leaves.

Boron has a positive effect on the formation of healthy conductive bundles of the stem and root, the processes of fertilization and the formation of grain, carbohydrate metabolism and respiration processes. The lack of boron leads to inhibition of plant growth.

Copper contributes to a better absorption of nitrogen, affects the increase in protein and sugar content in grain, contributes to higher yields, resistance to disease damage. Copper deficiency may occur when high doses and phosphorus are applied, and in dry and warm weather.

Realization of the productivity potential of corn essentially depends on the soil and climatic conditions, but a balanced plant nutrition system, which includes pre-sowing treatment of seeds with microelements, the introduction of the main fertilizer before sowing and foliar application, is equally important in modern cultivation technologies.

Pre-sowing seed treatment

The purpose of pre-sowing seed treatment is to create comfortable conditions for the young plant in the period from germination to the transition to nutrition from its own root system, provides a quick, powerful start to the plants.

Presowing treatment of seeds with fertilizers not only increases the yield and quality of the products produced, but also ensures plant resistance to a complex of diseases, adverse environmental conditions (low or elevated temperatures), accelerates the growth and development of plants, and promotes the productive use of moisture. Often, presowing treatment of seeds with microelements gives a better effect than fertilization of corn for the soil, even in higher doses.

Top dressing per sheet

In modern cultivation technologies, application of foliar top dressing with complex fertilizers with microelements in chelate form, as well as with other active substances, in particular amino acids, phytohormones is a rather effective technique. The main goal is to improve plant nutrition and support them during critical periods of growth and development, reduce the negative impact of environmental conditions (weather conditions, chemical treatments), increase the intensity of formation of individual plant organs, influence nutrient outflow and improve product quality.

In the development of corn plants, the most critical in terms of their availability of macro - and microelements are the phases of three to five and six to eight leaves.

The phase of three to five true leaves is important in that at this time the corn generates the generative organs that determine the future yield. The number of cobs on a plant and the grains on them depend on the availability of corn food elements, especially phosphorus. A young corn plant grows weakly, its root system is not yet sufficiently developed and cannot absorb nutrients from hard-to-reach compounds, therefore, to stimulate root growth, it is important to provide corn plants, in addition to phosphorus compounds, with manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron ( B).

In the phase of six - eight leaves, a rapid growth of the vegetative mass begins and, accordingly, the need for nutrients increases. Very often, corn plants are subject to herbicidal stress, and therefore it is desirable to use compositions containing phosphites, amino acids, and phytohormones for top dressing during this period.

Considering that in most cases There are not enough soil elements available for trace elements to provide the plants in the required quantities, or for various reasons they are not readily available for plant root systems, so there is a need for additional application at critical periods of growth and development. The most effective way of introducing trace elements is foliar feeding with micronutrient fertilizers in the form of chelates.

In the 2018 season, Ecoorganic, in collaboration with other companies, conducted a series of field trials with various hybrids and maize top-dressing systems designed to meet the characteristics of the region in which they were tested.

In the Ternopil region on the demographic system of the company "Pioneer Ukraine" in CHAP "MSHANETSKE" with. Mshanets Terebovlyansky region grew hybrid R8567 (FAO 290) (Pioneer).

The soil is typical chernozem, the predecessor of winter wheat. The main fertilizer for the crop was in the active substance N₁₃₀P₇₈K₇₈.

The scheme of foliar feeding is given in Table 1.

Application of foliar feeding showed excellent results in all variants.

The results indicate a high efficacy of foliar feeding with Ecoline Zinc Chelate fertilizer. The gain is fixed in all variants of the experiment. The highest increase in the yield of corn grain compared with the control without foliar feeding received in the variant with the introduction of Ecoline Zinc Chelate in a dose of 2.0 l / ha + Gros Kornerost 1.0 l / ha. It was 7.7 centners per hectare in test weight.

Calculations of economic efficiency showed that the cost of fertilizers in this variant was $ 27.5, and the resulting increase in yield at purchase prices at the end of November amounted to $ 140.1. Thus, conventionally, the net profit in this variant amounted to 112.6 US dollars.

Financial efficiency of fertilizer use of Ecoorganic LLC

(Calculated from the price of US $ 182 per 1 ton of corn)

The hybrid ES Metod was grown on the demographic strip of PC Technopol in the Kirovograd region. The soil of the test plot is typical black soil. Precursor of corn. The main fertilizer in the active substance was: N₁₄₂P₃₈K₂₈S₆.

Extra root dressing was carried out in key phases of plant development.

Foliar top dressing program from LLC Development

Intermediate Accounting 16.07.2018.

Financial efficiency of fertilizer Ltd. "Ecoоrganic"

(calculated from the price US $ 182 per 1 ton of corn)