Winter 2016. Stimulate the development of the root system and increase the immunity of grain crops.

The period of renewal of the spring vegetation of winter cereals is extremely important in the ontogeny of this group of plants. Depending on how successfully the plants have transferred the period of winter peace, the size of the future crop depends.
The weather conditions in the autumn of 2015, practically throughout the whole territory of Ukraine, were unfavorable due to the level of moistening and the temperature regime, which was the main reason for the "underexposure" of the areas. On a significant part of the acreage, as a result of a moisture deficit, the shoots appeared later than the optimal time, and therefore entered the winter weakened, with a poorly developed root system.
Weather conditions of wintering with long thaws will also add problems, because the sum of active temperatures, as a rule, is not enough for the full growth and development of winter crops, and from the cold soil, the assimilation of nutrients will be minimal and the plants will mainly use nutrients accumulated earlier.
Preliminary weather forecasts for the spring of 2016 promise a fairly long, cool and humid weather.

What problems do these factors have for the farmer?

1. Unfavorable weather conditions do not allow the plant to provide the necessary level of mineral nutrition, and, consequently, the formation of a high-yielding biocenosis.
   Traditional nitrogen fertilizing in such conditions is indispensable. It is important that the plants are sufficiently provided with other essential elements of nutrition, in particular phosphorus and potassium. If in the solution of the problem of providing plants with accessible potassium, difficulties usually do not arise, at least in theory, since potassium is more mobile in the soil, then with phosphorus the situation looks much more complicated.
   To accelerate the growth and development of the root system, the main organ that provides the plant with nutrients and water, phosphorus is important. But, very limited assimilation of this element from the cold soil, due to the peculiarities of phosphorus mobility in the soil, it is practically impossible to make top dressing with traditional fertilizers.
   A low soil temperature (<10 ° C) leads to a lack of phosphorus for plants, even with its high content in the soil. Under these conditions, the viscosity of the ground solution increases and the diffusion and absorption of phosphorus by the root system decreases.

2. Insufficient level of mineral nutrition significantly reduces the protective functions of plants, and they become very vulnerable to diseases, especially fungal nature.
   All this can lead to large losses, both in volume and as a crop.

The question arises: "Is there a way to help the plant in providing phosphorus and potassium and at the same time increase the immunity of plants to pathogens"?
And such a method exists - it is the use of a product that contains phosphorus in the form of phosphite and potassium for foliar application.

What does it give?

To solve the above-described problems, ECOORGANIC COMPANY proposes the use of a special fertilizer "ECOLINE PHOSPHITE K".
The product contains 53% phosphorus in phosphite form, 35% potassium, and enriched with boron (1.4%).

1. Absorption of phosphorus by the plant in the form of phosphite PO3 passes more intensively than phosphorus PO4. When applied to a sheet, phosphorus in phosphite form is absorbed within 65-75% in just 1 day. To assimilate phosphorus from phosphate, you need at least 5 days and even during this long period - the level of assimilation will be no more than 20% of the introduced.
2. The action of phosphites as fungicides and biostimulants is built on induction of plant resistance to biotic stress factors (which cause the disease), and abiotic (for example, low or high temperature), through the synthesis of phytoalexins, which are the key to active immunity. Phytoalexins are a group of organic substances of a protein nature that are produced by a plant in response to the ingestion of pathogenic or stress products into the cell. These compounds are part of the natural immune mechanism of the plant.
3. It is proved that phosphites in the root system directly inhibit the development of microorganisms of the genus Phytophthora, and also stimulate the protective mechanisms of the plant itself. In addition, the phosphites suppress and destroy the manifestations of such diseases as ptorosporoz, scab, bacteriosis, mildew and others. Phosphites exert a negligible influence on the development of most soil mushrooms, which makes their use environmentally friendly and environmentally safe. Stability of phosphites in plants is a key factor in their effectiveness in combating diseases for a sufficiently long period of time.

4. When applied on a sheet, phosphites have a deeper effect than just the fungicidal effect. Phosphorus from phosphite is used in the metabolism in plants, which manifests itself in the growth of the root system, the assimilation of other elements of mineral nutrition, the synthesis of phosphorus-containing biologically active substances, fatty acids, ATP, nucleic acids. Phosphites also affect the increase in the yield and presentation of fruit, the content of solids, carotenoids, anthocyanins.
   Studies of the effect of phosphites on plants with foliar application are carried out for a long time. The results of these studies are set forth by many scientists - in particular, CJLovatt, RL Mikkelsen, AE McDonald, WR Grant, WCPlaxton, H. Forster, JEAdaskaveg, DHKim, ME Stanghellini and others.

5. The high content of potassium in the fertilizer provides a significant improvement in plant nutrition with this element, whose role, in the early stages of growth and development of plants, is extremely important.
   Potassium in the plant regulates the processes of transpiration and respiration, therefore, with sufficient potassium, the turgor is maintained and losses of water are reduced in conditions of lack of moisture.
   Potassium promotes the growth of leading beams of xylem, thereby improving the ability to transport and accumulate carbohydrates, increases the resistance of plants to stress in drought, high or low temperatures.

What are the advantages of ECOLINE PHOSPHITE K fertilizer?

1. The highest content of phosphorus (in the phosphite form) and potassium among all similar products.
2. Stimulates the synthesis in the plant of phytoalexins - natural defenders of immunity.
3. It shows fungicidal action on a wide range of pathogens - pathogens of powdery mildew, rust of cereals, fusariosis, late blight, pereprosporosis, mildew and others.
4. Significantly increases the resistance of plants to pathogens of fungal and bacterial infections.
5. Strengthens the growth of the root system.
6. Promotes the manifestation of a restorative effect in plants after the influence of stress factors (drought, freezing, pesticide application, and the like).
7. Increases the content of dry substances in the commercial part of the harvest of fruit and vegetable crops
8. Increases productivity and improves crop quality
9. Ecologically safe product - does not show a toxic effect on the environment.
10. With compatible use - improves the effectiveness of fungicides.

List of sources used:

• Banko T.J., Hong C.X. (2001) Evaluation of phosphite as an alternative phosphorus nutrient and control for Phytophthora disease. Proc Southern Nursery Assoc Res Conf 46: 272-275
• Forster H., Adaskaveg J.E., Kim D.H., Stanghellini M.E. (1998) Effect of phosphite on tomato and pepper plants and on susceptibility of pep­ pers to Phytophthora root and crown rot in hydroponic culture. Plant Dis 82: 1165-1170
• McDonald A.E., Grant B.R., Plaxton W.C. (2001) Phosphite (phosphorous acid): Its relevance in the environment and agriculture, and influence on plant phosphate starvation response. J Plant Nutr 24: 1505-1519
• Lovatt C.J. (1990) Foliar phosphorus fertilization of citrus by foliar appli­ cation of phosphite. In: Citrus Research Advisory Committee (eds) Summary of citrus research. University of California, Riverside, Cal, USA: pp 25-26
• Lovatt C.J. (1998) Managing yield with foliar fertilization. Calif Citro­ graph 84: 8-13
• Phosphite Fertilizers: What Are They? Can You Use Them? What Can They Do? By C.J. Lovatt and R.L. Mikkelsen (Better Crops/Vol. 90 (2006, No. 4))